@mstenta I did get past this issue but the solution is unconfirmed.
I reverted back to the recommended docker-compose.development.yml for 2.x. I still saw this error on multiple attempts to install and fiddle with permissions. Eventually I got past it simply by refreshing the page. Seems like settings.php was not copied until I rendered the install page a second time.
I was running this on MacOS.
The other error I mentioned here The website encountered an unexpected error. Please try again later - #2 by gmagnusson was running on AWS Fargate